Although the four electoral proposals differ in their institutional design,
Somalia’s constitutional and electoral transition is unfolding amid significant political
North Galkacyo local government revenue has fluctuated in recent years,
The 2026 federal budget projects total revenues and grants of
Galkacyo Local Government faces severe fiscal constraints, with monthly revenue
Despite the restricted time frame and geographical scope of the
Qardho residents expressed high expectations for improved public services, accountability,
Since the establishment of the Dhusamareb’s current Local Government in
4-tii Maarso 2026, fadhi wadajir ah oo ay yeesheen labada
The outcome—the new federal constitution—does not have the acceptance of
Somali Public Agenda (SPA) is a non-profit, non-partisan, and independent public policy and administration research and action organization based in Mogadishu. It aims to advance understanding and improvement of public policy and services in Somalia through evidence-based research and analysis, dialogue, policy and service design, and training.
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