Low trust and negative perceptions of the Adado local government—driven
Somalia is no stranger to hardship. For over three decades,
The Jowhar Local Council has struggled to function effectively due
Efforts are underway to finalize the provisional constitution and organize
Bosaso’s electricity price of USD 0.79 per kilowatt has severely
Establishing governance in general—and fiscal governance mechanisms in particular—has been
Revenue Generation in Adaado is Operational but Limited: Out of
Saddex sano ka hor, 15 May 2022, Xasan Sheekh Maxamuud
Three years ago, on 15 May 2022, Hassan Sheikh Mohamud
Somalia’s 2025 federal budget increased to $1.32 billion, with 67%
Somali Public Agenda (SPA) is a non-profit, non-partisan, and independent public policy and administration research and action organization based in Mogadishu. It aims to advance understanding and improvement of public policy and services in Somalia through evidence-based research and analysis, dialogue, policy and service design, and training.
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