Although the four electoral proposals differ in their institutional design, they all support direct elections and retain the 4.5 clan power-sharing formula, providing a strong …
Although the four electoral proposals differ in their institutional design, they all support direct elections and retain the 4.5 clan power-sharing formula, providing a strong …
North Galkacyo local government revenue has fluctuated in recent years, generating approximately USD 84,00090,000 per month from active revenue sources. The mayor expressed optimism that …
Galkacyo Local Government faces severe fiscal constraints, with monthly revenue declining from approximately USD 35,000–40,000 to USD 18,000–20,000 due to prolonged droughts and the underutilisation …
Qardho residents expressed high expectations for improved public services, accountability, and responsive governance following the introduction of democratic local council elections in Puntland in 2021.A …
Since the establishment of the Dhusamareb’s current Local Government in mid-2022, engagement between the municipality and citizens on local governance issues has been limited, leaving …
The Adado business community plays a limited role in local government accountability due to low trust, unmet expectations regarding service delivery, and skepticism about how …
Somali Public Agenda (SPA) is a non-profit, non-partisan, and independent public policy and administration research and action organization based in Mogadishu. It aims to advance understanding and improvement of public policy and services in Somalia through evidence-based research and analysis, dialogue, policy and service design, and training.
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