Bosaso’s electricity price of USD 0.79 per kilowatt has severely impacted household affordability, business viability, and local government revenue. The extreme costs, especially during the …
Bosaso’s electricity price of USD 0.79 per kilowatt has severely impacted household affordability, business viability, and local government revenue. The extreme costs, especially during the …
Revenue Generation in Adaado is Operational but Limited: Out of twelve potential revenue streams, only nine are currently active, with estimated annual revenues between $140,000 …
Somalia’s 2025 federal budget increased to $1.32 billion, with 67% funded by donors and $429 million expected from domestic revenue—a 24% rise from 2024. Budget …
Jowhar’s local government faces significant challenges in revenue collection that hinder effective service delivery and accountability. Primary constraints include limited fiscal autonomy due to the …
After years of conflict and instability, Somalia is entering a period where transitional justice is possible. Three decades of experience in Africa show that transitional …
Residents in Beledweyne have been suffering from insecurity in recent months that has resulted from the coexistence of the Hirshabelle state and the self-proclaimed ‘Hiiraan state,’ both of which …
Somali Public Agenda (SPA) is a non-profit, non-partisan, and independent public policy and administration research and action organization based in Mogadishu. It aims to advance understanding and improvement of public policy and services in Somalia through evidence-based research and analysis, dialogue, policy and service design, and training.
Stay updated on governance and public services in Somalia!
