Jowhar’s health system relies heavily on donor-funded hospitals, with its key facilities commonly known by NGO names (“INTERSOS” and “IMC” Hospitals) rather than public institutions, …
Jowhar’s health system relies heavily on donor-funded hospitals, with its key facilities commonly known by NGO names (“INTERSOS” and “IMC” Hospitals) rather than public institutions, …
The Bosaso District Development Committee (DDC), created through presidential decree, seeks to improve service delivery in Puntland’s main commercial center but emerged later than similar …
Bosaso, Puntland’s commercial hub, relies on business and customs taxes as primary revenue sources. While a legal framework and financial management system exist, significant gaps …
Jowhar’s local government primarily provides administrative services such as licensing, civic registration, and land certification, while core social services like education, health, and water remain …
Low trust and negative perceptions of the Adado local government—driven by limited transparency, unfulfilled promises, and weak communication—undermine tax compliance among businesspeople.
The Jowhar Local Council has struggled to function effectively due to irregular meetings, unresolved clan representation disputes, political interference, and lack of leadership accountability—undermining its …
Somali Public Agenda (SPA) is a non-profit, non-partisan, and independent public policy and administration research and action organization based in Mogadishu. It aims to advance understanding and improvement of public policy and services in Somalia through evidence-based research and analysis, dialogue, policy and service design, and training.
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