February 27, 2022
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February 27, 2022
Khubaradda, warfidiyeenka iyo ajaanibta u dhuun-daloosha arrimaha Soomaaliya ayaa waxa ay badankood Muqdisho ku sifeeyaan in ay tahay ‘magaaladda ugu halista badan dunida.’ Magac bixintan ayaa waxa ay soo bandhigeysaa dareenka guud ee ammaan-darro, kaasoo ragaadiyay caasimadda Soomaaliya in ka badan muddo soddon sano ah. Waxaa jiray waxyaabo kala duwan oo isku dhafan, oo saameyn ku lahaa amni darradda magaalada, kuwaasoo badankood soo taagnaa sanado badan.
Horraantii sagaashameeyadii, amni-darrada magaalada ka jirtay waxa ay ka dhalaneysay kooxo maleeshiyaad ah oo ay hoggaaminayeen qabqablayaal dagaal, rag hubeysan oo kasoo jeeda beelaha dagaallamayay iyo burcad heehaab ah oo cidna aan ka amar qaadan. Maxkamadihii Islaamka ayaa bartamihii 2000 barabixiyay hoggaamiye kooxeedyadii magaalada ku hardamayay, waxaana rajo wanaagsan laga qabay in horumar laga sameeyo ammaanka magaalada. Sikastaba, wixii xilligaasi ka dambeeyay waxaa soo baxayay khataro cusub oo dhanka ammaanka ah sida dilal qorsheysan, qaraxyo ka dhasha miinooyin wadada dhinaceeda lagu aasay, qaraxyo baabuur, ismiidaamin, iyo weeraro iskudhaf ah oo lagu weerarayo hoteello ama xarumaha Dowladda.
Inkastoo dhammaan shacabka Muqdisho ay wajahaan khataro dhanka ammaanka ah, haddana sanadihii ugu dambeeyay ammaanka qeybo bulshada kamid ah iyo xaafado kamid ah magaalada ayaa la siinayay tixgelin dheeraad ah. Qeybaha kale ee bulshada iyo xaafadahooda ayaa waxaa baahiyahooda iyo arrimahooda nabad-gelyo la tixgelinayay marar dhif ah. Faalladani waxa ay soo amaahaneysaa aragtida Immanuel Wallerstein ee ‘’World System Theory” – taasoo uu dunida u qeybinayo “meel xuddun ah, meel daraf-xigeen ah iyo meelo darafyada ku yaala.” Dabadeed, faalladu waxa ay adeegsaneysaa ereyada aragtidan si ay ugu qeexdo duruufaha amniga iyo walaaca aadka u kala duwan ee ka jira saddex aag oo kala duwan oo Muqdisho ka jira.
Dadka u dhuun-daloola xaaladda Muqdisho marka ay ka fekerayaan sugidda amniga, waxaa maskaxdooda kusoo dhaca qeybaha qaar ee bulshada Muqdisho iyo xaafadahooda. Waa xaafadaha ay suuragal tahay in loo tixgeliyo in ay yihiin “xuddunta’’ magaalada, kuwaasoo inta badan bartilmaameed u ah khatar argagixiso. Arrimaha amniga ee aaggan waxay u muuqdaan inay soo jiitaan indhaha warbaahinta gudaha iyo kuwa caalamiga ah. Marka laga reebo qeybtan xuddunta ah, inta soo hartay ee dadka iyo goobaha magaalada ee ay ku noolyihiin, waxaa loo tixgeliyaa in ay yihiin “meelo daraf-xigeen ah iyo meelo darafyo ah.” Faalladan inta ka dhiman waxa ay sharraxeysaa dadka ku nool qeybahan kala duwan iyo xaaladaha kala duwan ee amni ee ay ku kala sugan yihiin.
Aagga “xuddunta” ah waa goobaha ku teedsan madaxtooyada iyo xaafadaha ku hareersan gegida diyaaradaha. Aaggan waxaa loo yaqaanaa inuu yahay ‘goob ammaan ah’ ama ‘khadka cagaaran’, halkaasoo ay deggan yihiin siyaasiiinta, saraakiisha ajaanibta ah, saraakiisha sarsare ee dowladda, kuwa Qaramada Midoobay, iyo shaqaalaha haya’daha caalaamiga ah. Aaggan waxaa loo arkaa inuu ammaan yahay maadaama si weyn looga ilaaliyo khataraha amni-darro. Hase ahaatee, inta badan dadka dabaqada dhexe ama muwaadiniinta caadiga ah ma awoodaan inay degaan gudaha aaggan, sababtoo ah qiimaha dhulka, qiimaha kirada, iyo heerka nolosha ee aagga ayaa aad u sarreeya.
Meelaha ‘daraf-xigeenka’ ah waxaa loo tixgelin karaa aag nabdoon, halkaasoo shaqaalaha heerka dhexe ee dowladda iyo kuwa NGO-yada ay deggan yihiin. Goobahan ayaa ah degmooyinka ku teedsan wadada Maka Al-Mukarama. Aaggan wuu ka ammaan badan yahay midka hareeraha xiga, sababtoo ah hay’adaha ammaanka ee dowladda ayaa aad uga howlgala qaybahan magaalada ka tirsan. Sidaas awgeed, mar walba oo la dareemo in aagga uu ammaan yahay, waxaa sii kordha heerka nolosha, sidoo kalena kharashka ku baxaya nolosha ee aaggan. Arrinkan waxaa uu keeni karaa qaab kamid ah hannaanka dadka dhaqaalaha haysta ay uga barabixiyaan dadka saboolka xaafadahooda, ayagoo ku qaaliyeeya nolosha, taasoo ku keenta caqabad ah in inta badan dadweynaha caadiga ah iyo qoysaska dakhligoodu yaryahay ay ku adkaato ku noolaanshaha aaggan, kadibna loo riixo qeybaha darafyada xiga.
Meelaha darafyada xiga waxaa sidoo kale loo yaqaan goobo aan ammaan aheyn. Qeybaha darafyada waa meelaha ay yartahay in shaqaalaha hoose ee dowladda iyo hay’adaha ay booqdaan, iskaba daa in ay deegaan ka dhigtaan. Aaggan waxaa lagu xisaabiyaa in aysan ammaan aheyn sababta oo ah adeegyadda dpwladda, gaar ahaan kuwa ammaanka ayaa ku yar. Intaas waxaa dheer, qaar kamid ah saraakiisha dpwladda hoose ee masuulka ka ah goobahan xitaa kuma noola sababo ammaan darro awgood. Degmooyinka durugsan ee ka baxsan Waddada Wadnaha ayaa loo arkaa inay yihiin aagga darafyada xiga.
Dadka ku kala nool goobaha xuddunta ah, daraf-xigeenka iyo darafyadaba way ku kala duwan yihiin sida ay u arkaan amniga maalinlaha. Tusaale ahaan, qofka caadiga ah ee ku nool aagga darafyada ah wuxuu aad uga welwelaa alaabtiisa sida telefoonnada gacanta iyo laptop-yada oo ay dhacaan maleeshiyaad ama dabley xiran dareeska ciidamada dowladda, halka uusan welwel ka qabin in toogasho lagu bartilmaameedsado.
In ka badan kontameeyo arday oo wax ka barta jaamacadaha, kuna nool goobo darafyada ku yaalla sida degmooyinka Heliwaa, Kaaraan, Wadajir, iyo Dharkeynley ayaa weydiiyey waxa ay u arkaan khatarta koowaad ee amnigooda marka ay u kala safrayaan jaamacadda iyo halka ay deggan yihiin. Inta badan waxa ay iftiimiyeen ragga hubeysan ee heehaabaya waddooyinka, kuwaasoo ka dhaca mobeellada ama laptop-yada. Waxaa intaas dheer, kooxo dhalinyaro ah oo abaabulan oo dhagxaan ama mindiyo isku beegsada midba midka kale ayaa khatar weyn ku ah amniga dadka caadiga ah ee ku nool qaar kamid ah xaafadaha darafyada ku yaal. Caqabadda kale ee dhanka ammaanka ayaa ah isbaarooyin sharci-darrada ah oo ay dhigtaan kooxo hubeysan oo ku labisan dareeska ciidamada, kuwaasoo lacago baad ah ka qaata gaadiidka dadweynaha, goobaha ganacsiga iyo guryaha.
Dhismayaasha aadka loo ilaaliyo ee dowladdu waxay inta badan ku yaallaan aagga daraf-xigeenka ah. Aaggan ayaa si weyn waxaa u buux dhaafiyay dad, gaadiidka gaarka loo leeyahay iyo kuwa dadweynaha. Tan waxaa loo aaneyn karaa ammaanka aaggan oo yara hagaagsan. Dadka leh awoodda wax iibsiga waxa ay badi door bidaan inay aaggan ku noolaadaan; waxaa ku yaalla aaggan kafateeriyada caanka ah ee magaalada, makhaayadaha, hoteelada, iyo jaamacadaha.
Marka la joogo aaggan, walaaca ugu weyn ee dhinaca ammaanka ayaa ah qaraxyada baabuurta ama qaraxyada ismiidaaminta ah ee lala beegsado xarumaha dowladda iyo mararka qaarkood hoteellada, suuqyada, iyo maqaayadaha. Dabcan, dadka rayidka ah ee ku nool xaafadaha daraf-xigeenka ah waxa ay la kulmaan khataro la mid ah ama ka badan marka loo eego kuwa deriskooda ah ee ku nool deegaanada darafyada ah – balse dhacdooyinka kale sida dhaca iyo baadda ayaa ah kuwa aad ugu yar xaafadaha daraf-xigeenka ah ee magaalada Muqdisho, marka loo eego xaafadaha darafyada. Iyadoo qaraxyo baabuur ama is-miidaamin ah ay mararka qaarkood ka dhacaan aagagga daraf-xigeenka ah, waxa dhif ah inay ka dhacaan oo ay khataro amni ka geystaan degaannadda darafyada. Sikastaba ha ahaatee, qaraxyada ka dhaca darafyada lama siiyo dareen lamid ah kuwa ka dhaca daraf-xigeenka. Arrintani waxaa laga arki karaa falcelinta dowladda, hadal-heynta guud ee baraha bulshada, iyo falcelinta dadka caadiga ah ee qaraxyada ka dhaca deegaanadda darafyada.
Dadka ku waxyeelooba qaraxyada baabuurta ama kuwa is-miidaaminta ah ee agga darafyada ayaan aad u muuqan marka loo eego kuwa xaafadaha daraf-xigeenka sababtoo ah ma aha shaqaale darajo sare leh oo dowladeed ama hay’ado kale oo caan ah, kamana hadlaan ama kama muuqdaan baraha bulshada. Tani waxay ka tarjumeysaa sida loo naqshadeeyay ammaanka magaalada dhowrkii sano ee lasoo dhaafay iyo mudnaanta la siinayo qeyb bulshada kamid ah iyo deegaannada qaarkood.
Sikastaba, muddooyinkii u dambeeyay waxaa isasoo tarayay khatarta dhanka ammaanka ah oo ka jirta aagagga daraf-xigeenka ah, kaasoo ay ku lug leeyihiin ciidamada dowladda. Waddooyinka aaggan ayaa inta badan si kutalagal ah loogu gooyaa dhagxaan. Keliya waxaa furan waddooyinka waaweyn, oo iyagana dowladdu ay dhigtay dhowr jidgooyo oo ammaanka lagu sugayo si looga hortago khataraha amni-darro. Wadooyinka soo haray ayaa waxaa buuxdhaafiyay isu-socodka dadka iyo gaadiidka, waxaana ciidamo careysan mararka qaar ay rasaas u adeegsadaan wadooyinka xiran si ay u furaan, waxaana ka dhasha khasaarooyin kala duwan.
Aagga xuddunta ah waxaa loo tixgeliyaa in uu yahay mid ammaan ah ilaalada culus ee laga hayo iyo kharashka badan ee ku baxa ilaalintiisa awgeed. Waxaa jira wadooyin kooban oo gaadiidka iyo dadku ay kasoo geli karaan aaggan. Sidaas darteed, waa dhif in dadka ku nool aaggan ammaanka ah ay la kulmaan nuuca khataraha amni ee ka jira labada aag ee kale. Dadka deggan aagga amaanka ah waxa ay inta badan dareemaan khatar ammaan marka ay u gudbaan aagagga daraf-xigeenka ah iyo kuwa darafyada ah, kuwaasoo ay dhif tahay in ay tagaan iyagoo aan wadan gaadiid ilaalo ah oo aad u hubaysan.
Haddaba, aragtida dadka maxalliga ah ee ku aadan khataraha amni ee Muqdisho aad bay u kala duwan yihiin. Dadka ku nool aagagga aan ammaanka aheyn, werwerkooda maalinlaha ah ee ku saabsan arrimaha amniga lagamasoo qaado khatar amni oo jirta, taasoo ay tahay in dowladdu mudnaan siiso. Aagga daraf-xigeenka ah waxaa soo food saara labada nooc ee khataraha amniga ah ee ka jira xuddunta iyo darafyada caasimadda. Sikastaba ha ahaatee, way ka ammaan badan tahay darafyada, sababtoo ah waxay ay helaan adeegyo badan oo amniga dowladda ah, waxa ay sidoo kale helaan ka warqab badan oo uga imaanaya warbaahinta iyo bulshada bulshada. Xuddunta ama aagga ammaanka ah waxa ay heshaa addeegga hay’adaha amniga ugu muhiimsan ee dowladda iyo ilaalada ciidamada Midowga Afrika, iyo sidoo kale shirkadaha amniga ee gudaha iyo dibadda ee gaarka loo leeyahay. Inkastoo aaggani helo illaadaas adag ee kala duwan, haddana hal dhacdo oo la xiriirta amni-darro oo ka dhacda aaggan ayaa waxa uu helaa hadal-heynta warbaahinta dalka oo dhan – halka amni-darrada ka jirta darafyada inta badan laga dhega-fureysto.
Siyaasadda amniga Muqdisho ayaa ah mid loo naqashadeeyay in loogu adeego baahiyaha amniga ee ka jira aagga xuddunta iyo midka daraf-xigeenka ah, halka qeybaha darafyada ah la dayacay. Tallaabooyinka amni ee dowladdu waxa ay inta badan diiradda saaraan khataraha cusub ee amniga la xirriira — qaraxyada baabuurta ama is-miidaaminta — kuwaasoo soo kordhay tobankii sano ee lasoo dhaafay. Khatarahan amni waxa ay inta badan bartilmaansadaan aagga xuddunta iyo midka daraf-xigeenka ah, halka ay ku yaryihiin qeybaha darafyada ah. Sidaas darteed, waa in la helaa istaraatiijiyad amni oo magaalada oo dhan ah, taas oo ka turjumeysa baahida dhammaan dadka deggan Muqdisho. In la garawosado jiritaanka saddex nuuc oo kala duwan oo khataro amni ah, waxa ay noqon kartaa barta laga billaabi karo in dib-u-habeyn lagu sameeyo siyaasadda amniga ee magaalada. Hab waxtar leh oo howshaas lagu horumarin karo ayaa ah ballaarinta baaxadda tababarka, jiheynta, iyo hab-raacyada ciidamada ammaanka ee inta badan diiradda saara wax-ka-qabashada khataraha la xiriira arrimaha argagixisada.
Saldhigyada ciidamada booliska ee ku yaala aaggaga darafyada iyo daraf-xigeenka ayaa loo baahan yahay in ay wax ka qabtaan dadka adeegsanaya magaca ciidamada dowladda ee lacagaha baadda ah ka qaata goobaha ganacsiga iyo guryaha ay dadku deggan yihiin. Waa in ay sidoo kale wax ka qabtaan kooxaha abaabulan ee dhallinta ah oo is dilaya ama dhaawacaya naftooda ama dadweynaha intiisa kale. Haddii boolisku ay kordhin lahaayeen awoodda ay tallaabo uga qaadayaan kooxahan, oo ay soo xiri lahaayeen, islamarkaana maxkamad loosoo taagi lahaa dembiyada ay galeen, waxaa yaraan lahaa waxyeellada ay bulshada u geystaan.
Aagga daraf-xigeenka ah wuu ka ammaan badan yahay midka darafyada sababtuna ma ahan keliya in dowladdu siiso adeeg ammaan, laakiin waa in dad badan oo bulshada deegaanka ah yihiin shaqaalaha rayidka ama ciidanka dowladda. Haddaba, dadkaasi waxa ay awood u yeelan karaan in ay soo bandhigaan walaacooda ku aaddan khataraha amni ama ay awooddooda adeegsadaan haddii aanu maamulku degdeg uga jawaabin cabashadooda.
Sikastaba, xaafadaha darafyada ee ammaankoodu aad u liito, saraakiisha ammaanku si joogto ah ugama jawaabaan welwelka dadka, goobahaasna deegaan uma ahan dad saameyn badan ku leh bulshada guud ahaan. Sidaas darteed, waxaa lama huraan ah in dib loo eego welwelka amni ee ka imaanaya dhammaan aagagga, gaar ahaan darafyada.
Ugu dambayntii, waa in dib-u-eegis iyo dib-u-habeyn lagu sameeyaa sida siyaasadda guud ee amniga loo dejiyo, si ay ugu muuqato mid dabooli karta baahida amni ee dhammaan dadka ku nool saddexda aag. Waxaa la joogaa waqtigii ay dowladda Soomaaliya iyo beesha caalamkuba:
fiiro gaar ah u yeaalan lahaayen in mudnaan dheeri ah la siiyo goobaha darafyada ee uu ammaankoodu liito, iyo
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