The outcome—the new federal constitution—does not have the acceptance of key political stakeholders, including two Federal Member States, Puntland and Jubaland, as well as opposition political actors, including former presidents, former prime ministers, and other influential politicians. Unlike the flawed electoral processes, there is a legitimacy deficit in the constitutional amendment and completion process.

Somalia is no stranger to hardship. For over three decades, it has existed on the edge of collapse and recovery, conflict and calm, promise and loss. Yet beneath its fractured surface lies something powerful: a resilient, resourceful people navigating the wreckage of war with astonishing courage. As Somalia moves forward toward debt relief, federal reform, and greater international engagement, the nation must reckon with a truth often overlooked: it cannot rebuild itself without also healing its people. This is not only a story of politics and economics. it is a story of memory, grief, and the invisible cost of survival.

Saddex sano ka hor, 15 May 2022, Xasan Sheekh Maxamuud ayaa loo doortay Madaxweynaha Soomaaliya. Waxay ahayd markii labaad ee uu Madaxweyne noqdo — waxa uu sidoo kale ahaa madaxweynaha dalka Sebteembar 2012 ilaa Febraayo 2017. Soo laabashadiisa ayaa loo arkayay in ay ahayd ifafaalo wanaagsan. Waxa loo arkayey in uu yahay madaxweyne waayo arag ah oo wax badan ka kororsaday shantii sano ee uu xilka hayey iyo shan sano ee uu mucaarad ahaa, waxaana loo badinayay in uu casharro ka bartay khaladaadkii ka dhacay muddo xilleedkiisii hore. Sidoo kale, waxa uu u muuqday siyaasi raba in uu ka tago dhaxal waara.

Three years ago, on 15 May 2022, Hassan Sheikh Mohamud was elected as the President of Somalia after a protracted indirect electoral process. This was his non-consecutive second period in office—he had first served between September 2012 and February 2017. His return was hailed as a positive sign. He was seen as an experienced president who had gained valuable insights from his nearly five years in office, had spent another five years in the opposition, and was likely to have drawn lessons from the mistakes of his first term. As such, he seemed poised to reset the course and leave a lasting legacy.

Maareynta maaliyadda ayaa qeyb weyn ka ah dadaallada ay deeq-bixiyeyaasha ku taageeraan dowlad-dhiska Soomaaliya, taasoo qeyb ka ah taageeradooda dib-u-dhiska awoodda hay’adaha dowliga ah. Dadaalladan ayaa si weyn diiradda u saara heer federaalka iyo heer dowlad-goboleed. Si gaar ah, dadaalladani, iyo kuwo kale oo lamid ah, ayaa loogu talagalay dhismaha qaab-dhismeedyo sharci iyo nidaamyo muhiim u ah maareynta maaliyadda dowladda.

Fiscal governance has taken center stage in donor-championed efforts and initiatives in Somalia as part of their support interventions to (re)build the capacity of state institutions. The focus of these efforts has been mainly been geared towards the federal and state levels. Notably, these efforts, among others, culminated in the establishment of legal frameworks and systems critical for public financial management.