Efforts are underway to finalize the provisional constitution and organize one-person, one-vote (OPOV) elections. These processes are, however, complicated by three issues: their contested nature; the deteriorated relationship between Mogadishu and Puntland and Jubaland; and the limited time left in the four-year mandate of the current federal government (parliament and president). Ongoing dialogue between federal government leadership and key opposition politicians is encouraging, but concrete options and potential solutions for resolving outstanding issues related to strained FGS–FMS relations, the unfinished constitutional review process and how to transition to a new electoral model remain ambiguous.